安全

为探索不安全行为的致因条件，加强煤矿井下作业人员的不安全行为管控，以2021—2023年发生的87起煤矿井下机电事故和运输事故调查报告为研究对象，采用人因分析与分类系统(HFACS)和清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA)相结合的方法，开展煤矿井下作业人员的不安全行为致因组态分析。结果表明：不安全行为具有十分复杂的影响机制。其中，缺乏安全培训和缺乏安全素养是违规的充分条件，安全检查不足是差错的充分条件，任何因素不构成必要条件；加强组织安全培训和作业现场安全监督有助于减少作业人员违规行为的发生，而加强作业现场安全检查减少安全隐患可减少作业人员差错的发生。煤矿企业可结合自身不安全行为管控实际情况，依照本研究结果开展比对，分阶段、有计划地制定针对性措施。

In order to explore the causal conditions of unsafe behaviors and strengthen the control of unsafe behaviors of underground coal miners, 87 investigation reports of electromechanical accidents and transportation accidents in underground coal mines in 2021-2023 are used as the research object. human factors analysis and classification system(HFACS) and crisp-sets qualitative comparative analysis(csQCA) are used to perform the configuration analysis of unsafe behaviors of underground coal mine workers..The results reveal the complex influence mechanisms behind unsafe behavior. The lack of safety training and safety literacy are sufficient conditions for violation, and inadequate safety inspection is a sufficient condition for error, and there is no necessary condition for two types of unsafe behaviors. Enhancing safety training and safety supervision can help to lower the frequency of violations, while enhancing safety checks to lower safety hazards can lower the frequency of errors. By integrating the actual circumstance of their own unsafe behavior control, coal mining enterprises can conduct a comparison in accordance with the findings of this research and develop targeted measures in phases and in a planned manner.